Monaco Information Guide & Facts
Monaco
Monaco is the second-smallest independent state in the world. It is a playground for tourists and a haven for the wealthy, the former drawn by its climate and the beauty of its setting and the latter by its advantageous tax regime. The country - a constitutional monarchy - is surrounded on three sides by France and occupies just under two square kilometres (0.75 square mile) of the Cote d'Azur, where the Alpes Maritimes meet the Mediterranean. Tourism drives the economy; gamblers flock to the Place du Casino in Monte-Carlo and every May the principality hosts the Monaco Grand Prix.
History
In spite of such an exiguous territory, Monaco is a land brimming with History, its origins lost in the mists of time. Since earliest antiquity, men have yielded to the charms of this natural shelter, where abrupt cliffs furrowed with caves once served as refuge for primitive tribes of the prehistoric era. This wind-sheltered enclave, enjoying an exceptionally mild climate, witnessed a succession of conquering civilisations from the Mediterranean Basin.
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The Greeks, then the Romans, settled on this hospitable seashore; however the geographical configuration of this majestic maritime promontory soon kindled the lust of barbaric hordes who relentlessly crossed the seas. Heracles-Monoïkos - which, according to legend, provided the etymology of the name Monaco - became Portus Herculis Monoeci under the domination of the Roman Empire. The Saracens during the great invasions of the Vth and VIth centuries AD devastated it. During the Xth century Monaco was incorporated into the County of Provence. Two hundred years later, in the name of the Holy Germanic Roman Empire, the Genoese besieged and took over the Rock, and their rights to this most coveted land were acknowledged…until the night of the 8th of January, 1297, when the Guelf François Grimaldi, disguised as a monk, broke into the fortress which was then in the hands of the Ghibellines…
Here begins the incredible and very long history of the Grimaldis, a dynasty which has shaped the identity of the now legendary Rock and which has reigned for more than seven centuries over one of the smallest States in the world.
Geography
The Principality of Monaco with its world famous Rock lies between France and the Mediterranean Sea. The prestige and the fame of this attractive territory, landlocked within the French département of Alpes-Maritimes, spread much further than its borders, which the French writer Colette described as being "made of flowers". Its space is limited (195 ha.), but the site is enchanting and unfolds along a narrow coastal strip four kilometres long, bounded by the mountainous foothills of the Tête de Chien and Mount Agel.
The city is made up of four districts: Monaco-Ville, the historical seat of the Principality, situated upon the Rock where the Prince's Palace stands, Monte-Carlo, the district surrounding the Casino, La Condamine, around Port d'Hercule, Fontvieille, the new industrial district, built on ground gained from the Sea (22 ha.).
Climate
| Month |
Maximum Temperature |
Minimum Temperature |
Number of rainy days |
Hours of Sunshine |
| January |
12.25 |
8.08 |
5.9 |
149.7 |
| February |
12.52 |
8.16 |
5.2 |
158.9 |
| March |
13.97 |
9.60 |
6.7 |
185.5 |
| April |
16.13 |
11.62 |
6.0 |
210.0 |
| May |
19.36 |
14.83 |
5.6 |
248.1 |
| June |
22.98 |
18.49 |
2.8 |
281.1 |
| July |
25.78 |
21.18 |
1.3 |
329.3 |
| August |
25.93 |
21.51 |
2.5 |
296.7 |
| September |
23.81 |
19.28 |
4.5 |
224.7 |
| October |
19.90 |
15.57 |
7.5 |
199.0 |
| November |
16.09 |
11.91 |
7.7 |
155.2 |
| December |
13.41 |
9.25 |
6.8 |
136.5 |
Culture
Spring in Monaco The Principality always celebrates the arrival of spring with an eclectic programme thanks to the Spring Art Festival, a unique cultural celebration developed, each year, around a different central theme. The calendar of events features music, of course, with operas, recitals and concerts, as well as dance, theatre, cinema and art, with the added attraction of discovering new talents or admiring established artists and feeling new emotions. Spring is the time of year when flowers open out flaunting their thousand colours; it is also the time of year when the sparkling International Flower-Arranging Contest is held, a unique rendez-vous for the skilful and creative members of the Garden Club. In association with this unrivalled event, the exhibition "Dream Gardens" unveils every year an abundance of varieties and fragrances. A fantastic opportunity to spot new talent, the International Contemporary Art Prize held every year in Monte Carlo in the late spring, rewards the most creative painter or sculptor. More than financial support, the Rainier III Prize earns the winner recognition in the art world together with prospect of a successful career. Within the Spring Art Festival, the Monte Carlo International Sculpture Exhibition is held every other year in early June and presents, in the Casino Gardens, a selection of works by influential artists.
Summer in Monaco Traditionally, the Monte Carlo Philharmonic Orchestra performs its summer concerts, under the stars, in the unique and magical setting of the Courtyard of Honour of the Prince's Palace. When the Fort Antoine comes to town, various performances are held in the streets of the Principality. From the harbour to the market square, top quality shows take the weekend into Mondays. Created in 1961 by H.S.H. Prince Rainier III, the Monte Carlo Television Festival endeavours "to nourish a new art form, serving peace and understanding between people". The Gold Nymph rewards the best audio-visual creative work. Every other year, the International Biennial of Antique Dealers, Jewellers and Art Galleries takes visitors into a historic journey through civilisations, from Earliest Antiquity to contemporary art, via the Renaissance and the Age of the Enlightenment. The Monaco Red Cross Ball is the undisputed high point of the summer in the Principality : this unique gala evening brings together high life and generosity surges. Since 1957, every 4 years, theatre amateurs from around the world meet in the Principality for the World Amateur Theatre Festival. Every night during ten days, over one hundred novice actors perform, in their mother tongue, in three plays originating from different countries. A true cultural world tour without leaving your theatre seat.
Autumn in Monaco To enjoy some magical moments, spend a few hours in the Princess Grace Theatre during the Monte Carlo Magic Stars. Young magicians compete for the Gold and Silver Magic Wands. After the competition, internationally known magicians perform some of their best acts! During the reign of H.S.H. the Prince of Monaco, the National Day is held on 19 November, day of the Saint-Rainier. This joyful day starts with a "Te Deum" in the Monaco Cathedral attended by the Grimaldi family. The Monegasque people take this opportunity to honour their Princes. Festivities are organised throughout the town, including fireworks display, concerts, parades on the Palace Square, medals ceremony. Opened for fifteen days already, the fun fair is in full swing for the delight of children and adults alike; it comes to an end one week after the National Day. Towards the end of autumn, the harbour turns into an entertainment venue in preparation for the end-of-year festivities. Every year, the town hall produces features around imaginative themes such as "2000-2001 Monaco Lights", "Monaco Nativity" in order to adorn the last days of the year. For guaranteed moments of fun, an ice skating rink appears in place of the Rainier III swimming pool. The town boasts a multitude of Christmas decorations and giant trees, including season tinsel on the Casino Square and Christmas lights as far as the eye can see. Later, to celebrate the New Year, many establishments in the Principality organise special evenings for New Year's Eve.
Winter in Monaco Created in 1974 by H.S.H. Prince Rainier III, the International Circus Festival attracts some of the top international artists under the Fontvieille Big Top. They try to outdo each other in dexterity, agility and humour and the best acts are rewarded by Gold and Silver Clowns. The Feast of Sainte-Dévote, Patron Saint of the Principality, is celebrated on 27 January. According to the tradition, a small boat is set alight on the harbour, by the "Vallon des Gaumattes", with the participation of the Grimaldi family. This very symbolic celebration can be explained thanks to the story of Sainte Dévote. She was most certainly born in Corsica, in the year 283 A.D.; she was hounded and tortured because of her Christian faith. When her wounded body was being burnt at the stake, confessors of the faith snatched it away and escaped by boat with the intention of going to Africa. Unfortunately, the winds were not favourable and the sailors fell asleep. A dream instructed them to continue their journey and follow a dove. They finally arrived near Monachon, in the "Vallon Gannates" (Vallon des Gaumattes) where the body of the martyr was laid to rest. Subsequently, a few miracles occurred, people spread the news and Dévote became the Patron Saint of Monaco. Endorsed throughout Europe for new images, animations and special effects technologies, Imagin@ is a fantastic opportunity for world-wide professionals in numeric images to meet and exchange : producers, creators, tutors, suppliers and agents look forward to this unmissable event during which one can get a glimpse of tomorrow's world. The Monte Carlo World Music Awards celebrate the top selling music artists in the world. A magnificent TV show, it welcomes every year international pop stars in the Monte Carlo Summer Sporting Club. Second most renowned gala evening after the Red Cross Ball, the Rose Ball was created by H.S.H Princess Grace. This extremely prestigious evening is, each year, themed around a different country and a different rose.
Expathaven
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Main web site http://www.monaco-tourisme.com http://www.monaco-congres.com Local offices listed below may also operate their own web sites.
Main office Direction du Tourisme et des Congress de la Principauté de Monaco 2a, boulevard des Moulins Monte-Carlo MC 98030 Monaco cedex Telephone: +377 92 16 61 16 Fax: +377 92 16 60 00 Email: dtc@monaco-tourisme.com This entry last updated September 2002
UK Monaco Government Tourist and Convention Office The Chambers Chelsea Harbour London SW10 OXF Telephone: +44 20 7352 9962 Telephone: 0500 006114 freecall in UK Fax: +44 20 7352 2103 Email: monaco@monaco.co.uk This entry last updated September 2002
USA/New York Monaco Government Tourist Office 565 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10017 Telephone: 1-800-753-9696 toll-free in USA Telephone: +1 (212) 286-3330 Fax: +1 (212) 286-9890 Email: mgto@monaco1.org Web site: http://www.monaco-tourism.com This entry last updated September 2002 |
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