Beijing Information Guide & Facts

Beijing

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Short info:

Beijing is a municipality directly under the Central Government and the capital of the PRC, with an urban population of 7.61 million. It is not only the nation’s political center, but also its cultural, scientific and educational center, and a key transportation hub. Situated on the north edge of the North China Plain, it is sheltered by chains of mountains to the west, north and east. Its southeastern part is a plain. Beijing’s temperate continental climate produces four clearly contrasted seasons: a short spring, rainy and humid summer, long and cold winter, and a very pleasant autumn.

Beijing emerged as a city as far back as the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century-770 B.C.), when it was known as Ji. During the Warring States Period (475-221 B.C.), it was the capital of the State of Yan. Ji remained a city of strategic importance and a trade center for the north for well over a thousand years. Then, in the early 10th century, it became the secondary capital of the Liao Dynasty under the name of Yanjing. Between 1115 and 1911, it served in succession as the capital of the Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, thus becoming a storehouse of Chinese culture, and leaving many superb historical legacies, such as the Tiananmen Gatetower, the symbol of Beijing as well as of China; Tiananmen Square, the largest city square in the world; the former Imperial Palace (the “Forbidden City”), the largest and best-preserved ancient architectural complex in the world; and the Great Wall at Badaling, one of the “seven wonders of the world.” Of these, the former Imperial Palace, the Great Wall, the site of Peking Man at Zhoukoudian, the Summer Palace and the Temple of Heaven have been put on the World Cultural Heritage list by the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Since 1949, when Beijing was designated as the capital of the PRC, especially since the 1980s, the urban construction of Beijing has developed at a high speed and tremendous changes have taken place in the city’s appearance. Now Beijing is really an international metropolis with many broad roads and tall buildings, remaining its feature of an ancient capital and also demonstrating the modern gracefulness.

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